A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains is a monumental handscroll painted in 1113 by Wang Ximeng, measuring 51.3 by 1191.5 centimeters and held in the Palace Museum, Beijing. Created when the artist was only eighteen years old, this work is the only surviving painting securely attributed to Wang Ximeng, who was active during the Northern Song dynasty. The handscroll was executed in ink and color on silk, and is regarded as a masterpiece of early twelfth-century Chinese landscape painting. The scroll presents an expansive imaginary landscape, rendered in a continuous horizontal composition.

Peaks and ridges, painted in vivid mineral blue and green pigments, rise from riverbanks and are interspersed with water, islands, and occasional pavilions. The use of strong blue and green tones, combined with fine brushwork and subtle ink washes, creates a sense of depth and grandeur. The composition is punctuated by small architectural elements and boats, which provide scale and contribute to the sense of a vast, inhabited world. According to the colophon written by the minister Cai Jing at the end of the scroll, Emperor Huizong taught the young painter himself and, after Wang presented the scroll in 1113, gave it to Cai Jing.

The scroll bears imperial seals and inscriptions, indicating its presence in the imperial collection. Over the centuries, it has been highly esteemed by collectors and connoisseurs, and it remains one of the most celebrated works in the Palace Museum, Beijing, where it is preserved today.