Hortense de Beauharnais became the first queen of Holland in 1806 when her husband Louis Napoleon ascended the throne. In this portrait, she wears a tiara adorned with pearls, a royal jewel. However, her husband’s reign lasted for only four years, after which De Beauharnais settled on her own in Switzerland.

She was a gifted musician and composer, and the cultural gatherings she organized in her home were renowned.