Catching a Catfish with a Gourd by Josetsu is a hanging scroll executed in ink and light color on paper around 1413–1415, during the Muromachi period. The work measures 111.5 cm in height and 75.8 cm in width, and is attributed to the painter Josetsu, who was active in early 15th-century Japan. This painting is held at Taizō-in, Myōshin-ji, Kyoto, and is considered a seminal example of early Japanese Zen painting. The composition features a solitary figure standing near a stream, attempting to catch a catfish with a small gourd.

The landscape is rendered with delicate brushwork, depicting bamboo, rocks, and distant mountains fading into mist. The upper portion of the scroll is densely filled with Chinese calligraphy, consisting of inscriptions and poems by Zen monks, which respond to the painting's paradoxical subject. The restrained use of color and the atmospheric quality of the landscape emphasize the Zen theme of the impossible task. Catching a Catfish with a Gourd was commissioned by the shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimochi as a riddle for Zen monks, who were invited to provide poetic responses to the depicted scene.

The painting is regarded as a foundational work of Japanese Zen art, marking the transition from Chinese-inspired ink painting to a distinctively Japanese style. It has remained in the collection of Taizō-in, Myōshin-ji, and is frequently cited in art historical literature as a masterpiece of Muromachi-period painting.