Painted in 1879, Portrait of Adrian Prakhov by Ivan Kramskoi is an oil on canvas work depicting the art historian Adrian Viktorovich Prakhov. The painting measures 88.5 by 69 centimeters and was created during a period when Kramskoi was an established portraitist in Russia. It is held in the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow, where it is catalogued under inventory number 24788. The composition presents Prakhov seated against a neutral, light-toned background, his upper body turned slightly to the viewer’s left.

His face, framed by a full beard and dark, curly hair, is rendered with careful attention to naturalistic detail, while his glasses add a note of scholarly character. The sitter’s right hand is prominently placed across his chest, painted with broad, visible brushstrokes that contrast with the more finely finished features of his face. The palette is restrained, dominated by dark clothing and flesh tones, with the background kept plain to focus attention on the sitter. The painting was completed at a time when Kramskoi was known for his psychological approach to portraiture, often depicting cultural figures of his era.

Portrait of Adrian Prakhov has remained in the Tretyakov Gallery, which houses a significant collection of Russian realist painting. The work is representative of Kramskoi's mature style and his interest in capturing the intellectual presence of his subjects.