In Soldier Holding a Shield with the Head of Medusa, a soldier stands prominently, gripping a shield that features the severed head of Medusa. The colors are rich and dark, typical of the Baroque style, with deep reds and greens dominating the palette. The soldier's expression is fierce, conveying strength and determination.

The background is somewhat ambiguous, focusing the viewer's attention on the soldier and the shield. The painting is executed in oil on canvas, a common medium for Baroque artists. Rosa's brushwork is dynamic, with visible strokes that add texture and depth to the figures. The use of chiaroscuro highlights the soldier's muscular form and the dramatic nature of the scene.

The dimensions are approximately 100 x 130 cm, making it a substantial work that commands attention. Salvator Rosa was known for his dramatic and often theatrical compositions, blending elements of landscape and figure painting. This work reflects his interest in mythology, particularly the figure of Medusa, who symbolizes both beauty and danger. An interesting fact about this painting is that it showcases Rosa's ability to convey emotion through the posture and expression of the soldier.

The artwork is housed in the Museo di Capodimonte in Naples, Italy.