The Apotheosis of James I — History & Facts
A bearded man in regal robes reclines at the bottom centre, his gaze turned upward toward a swirl of celestial figures. He holds a sceptre and is draped in a red mantle trimmed with ermine, while an eagle sits at his feet, its wings spread wide. To his right, a female figure in a golden gown reaches out, her body twisting as she gestures upward, her yellow drapery billowing around her legs.
On the left, two women in muted garments kneel, one holding a flaming vessel and the other a bowl, their faces lit by the glow. Above, a lively host of winged putti and angels fills the sky, their bodies twisting and overlapping as they descend in a spiral. Some of the putti sound trumpets, while others hold laurel wreaths and a crown, poised to bestow them on the central figure below.
A female figure in dark robes, shield and helmet, tumbles headlong from the upper edge, her form inverted as if cast out of the heavens. The entire composition is set within an oval frame, its golden border richly decorated with rosettes and scrolls. Light pours from the upper centre, illuminating the swirling clouds and the flesh of the airborne figures, while deeper shadows gather at the edges and beneath the enthroned man.
The colour palette is dominated by warm golds, deep reds, and earthy browns, punctuated by the pale skin of the putti and the cool blue-greys of the background. Rubens uses sweeping, energetic brushstrokes to model the forms, especially in the billowing drapery and the expressive faces. The figures are arranged in a dramatic diagonal, leading the eye from the lower left upward to the right, then spiralling into the heavens.
Every surface is animated by lively highlights and soft transitions, giving the illusion of movement and depth within the crowded scene. Small details, such as the delicate feathers of the wings and the intricate patterns on the armour, reward close inspection. The painting, titled The Apotheosis of James I, is by Peter Paul Rubens and dates from between circa 1632 and circa 1634. This work forms part of the Royal Collection.
More Artworks by Peter Paul Rubens

The Coronation of Henri IV
Peter Paul Rubens

Portrait de Marie de Médicis
Peter Paul Rubens

Apollo and Daphne
Peter Paul Rubens

Anne of Austria, Queen of France
Peter Paul Rubens

Bacchus and Ariadne
Peter Paul Rubens

Christ on the Cross with Maria, Mary Magdalene and St John
Peter Paul Rubens

Equestrian portrait of Charles Colonna, Duke of Marsi
Peter Paul Rubens

Hippomenes and Atalanta
Peter Paul Rubens

Perseus and Andromeda
Peter Paul Rubens

Meleager and Atalanta and the Hunt of the Calydonian Boar
Peter Paul Rubens






