In Femme en robe longue (Lydia), Henri Matisse depicts a woman in a long dress, characterized by bold colors and simplified forms. The background is filled with vibrant hues that enhance the figure's presence. The dress itself is rendered in a striking combination of colors, creating a sense of movement and life.

Matisse's use of color is expressive, drawing the viewer's eye to the subject. The painting is an example of Matisse's Fauvist style, which emphasizes strong color over realistic representation. The brushwork is loose and fluid, contributing to the overall dynamism of the piece. The dimensions of the painting are approximately 100 x 81 cm, making it a sizable work that commands attention.

The oil on canvas medium allows for rich color application and texture. Henri Matisse created Femme en robe longue (Lydia) around 1907, during a period of artistic exploration and innovation. This work reflects his interest in color theory and the emotional power of color. An interesting fact about this painting is that it is named after Lydia Delectorskaya, a model and muse for Matisse, who played a significant role in his artistic development.

The painting is currently housed in the Musee d'Orsay in Paris.